Partial migration in roe deer: migratory and resident tactics are end points of a behavioural gradient determined by ecological factors

F. Cagnacci ([email protected]), M. Neteler, L. Delucchi and F. Ossi, Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Dept, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, IT-38010 San Michele all ’ Adige (TN), Italy. FO also at: UMR CNRS 5558 Dept. of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon1, Bat G. Mendel 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, FR-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. – S. Focardi, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale, Via Ca ’ Fornacetta 9, IT-40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bo, Italy. – M. Heurich and A. Stache, Dept of Research and Documentation, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str 2, DE-94481 Grafenau, Germany. – A. J. M. Hewison and N. Morellet, Wildlife, Behaviour and Ecology Research Unit, French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA Toulouse), Chemin de Borde Rouge BP 52627, FR-31326 Castanet Tolosan cedex, France. – P. Kjellander, Grims ö Wildlife Research Station, Dept. of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Science (SLU), SE-73091, Riddarhyttan, Sweden. – J. D. C. Linnell, Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. – A. Mysterud, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Dept. Biology, Univ. of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. – F. Urbano, via F.lli Pozzi 7, IT-20127 Milano, Italy.